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In optics, diffraction efficiency is the performance of diffractive optical elements – especially diffraction gratings – in terms of power throughput. It's a measure of how much optical power is diffracted into a designated direction compared to the power incident onto the diffractive element of grating.

If the diffracted power is designated with P and the incident power with P0, the efficiency η reads η η = P P 0 . {\displaystyle \eta ={\frac {P}{P_{0}}}\ .}

• Grating efficiency

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In the most common case – the diffraction efficiency of optical gratings (therefore also called grating efficiency) – there are two possibilities to specify efficiency:cite-ref-1[1]cite-ref-2[2]

• The absolute efficiency is defined as above and relates the power diffracted into a particular order to the incident power.

• The relative efficiency relates the power diffracted into a particular order to the power that would be reflected by a mirror of the same coating as the grating, therefore attributing to inevitable reflection losses at the grating but not caused by inefficient diffraction itself.

cite-note-11. ↑ "Diffraction Efficiency & Relationship between Diffraction Efficiency and Polarization". Shimadzu Corporation. 2012. Retrieved 1 November 2012.

cite-note-22. ↑ "Technical Note 10 – Guidelines for specifying diffraction gratings". Newport Corporation. Retrieved 1 November 2012.

• citerefchristopher-palmer2020Christopher Palmer (2020). "Efficiency Characteristics of Diffraction Gratings". Diffraction Grating Handbook (8th edition). MKS Newport. Retrieved 13 March 2020.